German Armed Forces officers in front of the Hotel "Schmied von Kochel" in Kochel am See.
Fifth from the left: Brigadier General August Frede (1899–1972).
Brigadier General August Frede was commander of the Army's Signal School and Technical School for Electrical Engineering (Signal Troops School) from 1956 to 1961, which at that time was housed in the General Beck Barracks (formerly Ordensburg Sonthofen).
100% original photo print from 1957.
Printed on Mimosa photo paper.
Inscribed and dated in handwriting on the reverse: Commanders of the Ordensburg Sonthofen in front of the Hotel “Schmied von Kochel”, March 13, 1957 (site meeting Füssen area).
Size: 106 x 75 mm.
With minimal signs of age and use, adhesive residue on the back, otherwise in very good condition.
Excellent image quality – extremely rare!!!
100% authenticity guaranteed – no later copies, no reproductions, no reprints!!!
Viewing is possible at any time.
100% guarantee of authenticity - not a later print, not a reproduction, not a reprint!
Visit anytime.
Shipping only via registered mail (registered mail with delivery confirmation and/or insurance also available upon request).
Shipping costs for this item:
Germany: 3.00 euros
Europe: 4.00 euros
World: 5.00 euros
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This item is being sold as a collector's item - copyrights are expressly NOT included in the purchase!!!
This offer is sold as a collector's item only and no copyrights are being sold here.
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Terms and conditions of sale and delivery
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100% guarantee of authenticity on all items offered. Reproductions, if offered, will be clearly identified as such.
Books and albums have not been checked for completeness unless explicitly stated. Normal signs of age and use, underlining, etc., are not mentioned but are taken into account in the price.
Revocation under new EU law:
You have a general right of return for one month after receiving your order. The buyer bears the return shipping costs up to a value of €40.00. To meet the deadline, it is sufficient to send the cancellation notice or the item back in a timely manner. Returns must be sent by registered mail or as a parcel. Returns must be made within one month. Cash on delivery shipments are not accepted.
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Historical information about the article:
The term Bundeswehr refers to the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany, including the Bundeswehr administration and other organizational units that fall under the purview of the Federal Minister of Defence. The Minister and the Ministry, by virtue of their affiliation and personnel size, are not part of the Bundeswehr itself, but rather part of the Federal Government.
In peacetime, the Federal Minister of Defence holds the power of command. In the event of defence, this function passes to the Federal Chancellor according to Article 115b of the Basic Law.
overview
The German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) are a parliamentary army, whose armed deployment requires a resolution of the German Bundestag. If the situation urgently demands immediate action, the Joint Committee can declare a state of defense as a prerequisite for the deployment of the armed forces, according to the special provision of Article 115a, Paragraph 2 of the Basic Law (GG). Under the stricter conditions of an armed attack on federal territory, as specified in Article 115a, Paragraph 4 of the Basic Law (GG), and only if the federal bodies responsible for declaring a state of defense are unable to act, the declaration of a state of defense is deemed to have already been made. On the basis of Article 35 paragraphs 2 and 3 and Article 87a paragraph 4 of the Basic Law, the Federal Government can, under strict conditions ("ultima ratio", "state of emergency as a particularly dangerous situation of internal emergency"), decide to deploy the Bundeswehr against particularly serious accidents, natural disasters, organized and militarily armed insurgents and terrorist threats, including the proportionate use of its military combat resources, but not, for example, against demonstrating crowds.
The highest-ranking military advisor to the Federal Government is the Inspector General of the Bundeswehr, holding the rank of General or Admiral. He is a member of the Federal Ministry of Defence and the superior officer of all Bundeswehr soldiers. He is subordinate to the Federal Minister (in peacetime) or the Federal Chancellor (in the event of defence) as well as to the State Secretaries of the Ministry of Defence (primacy of politics).
The Federal Armed Forces Administration consists of three civilian organizational areas: Personnel (P), Equipment, Information Technology and Utilization (AIN), and Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Services (IUD). According to Article 87b of the Basic Law, it is an independent federal administration with its own substructure, separate from the armed forces, and is responsible for personnel replacement (with the exception of military registration, which, according to Section 15 Paragraph 4 of the Military Service Act, is the responsibility of the state registration authorities) and for directly covering the armaments and other material needs of the armed forces in accordance with federal budget laws. Furthermore, the areas of legal services and military chaplaincy are part of the Federal Armed Forces.
History and development
The German Federal Armed Forces until 1990
On May 24, 1950, former General Gerhard Graf von Schwerin became Konrad Adenauer's "advisor on technical security matters" for the secret preparation of the West German armed forces. On October 26, 1950, Konrad Adenauer appointed Theodor Blank as "the Chancellor's Commissioner for matters relating to the increase of Allied troops." This "Blank Office" became the nucleus of the later Federal Ministry of Defense. In the Himmerod Memorandum of October 1950, experts, including Wolf von Baudissin, provided crucial ideas for the conception and structure of the Bundeswehr (Federal Armed Forces). The seven officers of the 15-member Himmerod expert group who were integrated into the Bundeswehr, some of whom attained top positions in the Bundeswehr (Inspector General, Inspectors General of Armed Forces) and in NATO (Chairman of the Military Committee, high-ranking commanders), shaped the young Bundeswehr with the concepts developed in Himmerod.
Crucial for the establishment of new defense forces, which were initially held in partially armed service groups and, from March 16, 1951, trained in the paramilitary Federal Border Guard (BGS), was the declaration of honor for the soldiers of the Wehrmacht issued on January 23, 1951, by the then Supreme Allied Commander of NATO, Dwight D. Eisenhower, to Chancellor Konrad Adenauer. This made the reintegration of former Wehrmacht members possible in the first place, since at that time there would have been only a few post-war generations and virtually no officers and non-commissioned officers available who did not have prior service in the Wehrmacht.
The founding of the Bundeswehr and the rearmament of the Federal Republic of Germany on May 5, 1955, led to considerable domestic political disputes, especially between the SPD and CDU, regarding the moral justification for Germany to ever again possess armed forces after the Hitler dictatorship. The military administration was established on June 7, 1955, and the first 101 volunteers were sworn in on November 12, 1955.
The name “Bundeswehr” was chosen on the suggestion of FDP Bundestag member Hasso von Manteuffel, a former general of the Wehrmacht, and goes back to a report by Member of Parliament Daniel Friedrich Gottlob Teichert in the Frankfurt National Assembly from 1849.
On May 22, 1956, the Defense Constitution (amending Article 87a of the Basic Law), which had been passed by a large majority, came into force. This was followed on April 1 by the Law on the Legal Status of Soldiers and on July 21 by the Conscription Law. To ensure the accelerated development of the Bundeswehr (Federal Armed Forces), the Second Law on the Federal Border Guard (Bundesgrenzschutz) had already entered into force on May 30, 1956. This law authorized the Federal Minister of Defense to establish Bundeswehr units from volunteer units of the Federal Border Guard. Between June 1 and 30, 1956, BGS officers had the opportunity to declare their intention to remain in the Federal Border Guard. Those who did not do so were automatically transferred to the Bundeswehr on July 1, 1956. The former BGS officers received the next higher rank and opportunities for faster promotion. This was particularly useful for former members of the Wehrmacht in the BGS, as they had previously often served in the Federal Border Guard at a rank three ranks lower than in the Wehrmacht, but in the Bundeswehr they were judged according to their last rank in the Wehrmacht.
The establishment of seven divisions, ordered by the Federal Government in early November 1956, initially consisted primarily of former Federal Border Guard (BGS) officers and volunteers, some of whom had served in various Allied service groups. From 1957 onward, the first conscripts joined the force. The BGS formed the basis for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Grenadier Divisions, three military bands, and the command staff of the 5th Armored Reconnaissance Battalion and the 3rd Armored Signals Battalion. Due to a shortage of Bundeswehr uniforms and accommodations, the former Federal Border Guard officers initially retained their existing equipment and remained in the BGS barracks. They were only required to remove the insignia with the federal eagle from their left upper sleeve.
At the founding of the Bundeswehr, its officers and non-commissioned officers came almost exclusively from the Wehrmacht – some even from the Wehrmacht branch. In 1959, of the 14,900 Bundeswehr officers, 12,360 had already been appointed officers in the Reichswehr or Wehrmacht, and 300 officers came from the Wehrmacht branch. All officers from colonel upwards were vetted by the Personnel Assessment Committee, a body of 38 public figures appointed by the Federal President upon the recommendation of the Federal Government and after confirmation by the Bundestag. In response to the accusation that all high-ranking officers had served in the Wehrmacht, Chancellor Adenauer replied, in essence, that NATO would not accept 18-year-old generals from him.
The German Armed Forces (Bundeswehr) explicitly do not see themselves as continuing the tradition of the Weimar Republic, but rather cultivate their own traditions as a democratic army of responsible citizens within its 60-year history. However, soldiers and units from before 1945 are also considered valid traditions, provided their actions exemplified freedom and justice. The main lines of tradition before 1945 are considered to be the Prussian reformers at the beginning of the 19th century and the military resistance against Nazism. The principles of tradition within the Bundeswehr are codified in the 1982 Tradition Decree.